Hair-waving apparatus



y P. SAN'T'URELLO I HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed June 20, 1934 INVEN TOR.Pefer fianfureflo ATORNEYS.

Patented May 5, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HAIR-WAVING APPARATUSPeter Santurello, Columbus, Ohio Application June 20, 1934, Serial No.731,501

13 Claims. (01. 13233) My invention relates to hair-waving apparatus. Ithas to do, more particularly, with that type of hair-Waving apparatuswhich is used for producing what is commonly known as a croquinole wavein the hair.

Devices used for producing croquinole waves are commonly made of a clampmember which is first applied to a segregated strand of hair close tothe roots thereof. Upon this clamp member is adapted to be mounted, amandrel, on which the hair is wound. The clamp member is first appliedand the free end of the hair is then secured to the mandrel which isseparate from the clamp member. Then the hair is wound on the mandrelwhile moving the mandrel closer to the scalp. The mandrel is finallymounted on the clamp and it is of such a type that, after being mountedon the clamp, it may be rotated in one direction only to tighten thehair thereon. The mandrel usually fits in yoke members on the clamp andis held in such yoke members by the tension oi. the hair pulling themandrel down towards the clamp member.

In the past, before it was possible toremove 5 the mandrel from theclamp after the hair had been waved, it was necessary to first remove orloosen the clamp member from the strand of hair. This was due to thefact that the pull of the hair on the mandrel was relied upon for 30holding it in the yoke members on the clamp and the only way the mandrelcould be removed was by releasing this downward pull of the hair on themandrel. The tension on the hair could only be eliminated by unclampingthe clamp 35 member from the strand of hair and then unwinding the hairtherefrom. These clamp members have usually been of such a type thatthey were difficult to release from the hair, especially where a largenumber of them were disposed on 40 the head of the person being treated.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a device of the typeindicated which embodies a clamp member and a mandrel which is to bemounted on the clamp member, my de- 45 vice being of such a nature thatthe mandrel may be removed from the clamp member after hair has beenwound and tightened thereon, without first removing the clamp memberfrom the strand of hair.

5 Another object of my invention is to provide a device of the typeindicated which is extremely simple in structure and which may bereadily operated.

In its preferred form my invention contem- 55 plates the provision of ahair-waving device which is particularly suitable for producing thattype of Wave commonly known as the croquinole wave and which comprises aclamp member and protecting element adapted to be applied to asegregated strand of hair near the roots thereof. This 5 clamp member isof such a type that it may be readily operated to grip the hair and willgrip the hair firmly without injury thereto. I further provide a mandrelupon which the hair is to be wound and which is to be mounted on the 10clamp member and protecting element. The outer ends of the hair arefirst secured to this mandrel and the mandrel is rotated andsimultaneously moved towards the clamp member to wind the hair thereonspirally. The mandrel is pro- I5 vided with means for tightening thehair and the tension of the hair aids in holding the mandrel onthe'clamping device. A latch member is also provided for holding themandrel on the clamp member. However, this latch member is 20 of such atype that it may be readily released and bodily rotation of the mandrelwill be permitted, thereby relieving the tension on the hair. Thus, themandrel can be readily removed from the clamp member without firstremoving the clamp member from the strand of hair.

The preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrated in theaccompanying drawing wherein similar characters of reference designatecor-' responding parts and wherein:

Figure l is a perspective view of a hair-waving device made inaccordance with my invention and embodying a, protecting element andclamp member and a mandrel, the mandrel not being yet mounted on theclamp member and the clamp member being shown as resting on one sideedge.

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 but showing the mandrel mountedon the clamp member and the parts of the clamp member in their operativepositions. 40

Figure 3 is a more or less diagrammatic view, illustrating how my deviceis applied to the hair.

Figure 4 is a View similar to Figure 3 and showing my device after thehair has been wound on the mandrel, the mandrel mounted on the clampmember and the hair tensioned on the mandrel.

Figure 5 is a top plan view of the clamp member and protecting deviceillustrated in the preceding figures.

Figure 6 is a side elevation, partly broken away, of the entire device,including the clamp member and the mandrel and showing the mandrelmounted on the clamp member.

With reference to the drawing, I have illustrated my invention ascomprising a clamping member and protecting element which may beindicated generally by the numeral This clamp member embodies a body ofbakelite 2 or of other suitable material which will not readily conductheat and which is preferably of the shape illustrated. This body ofbakelite has a lug or projection 3 extending from one of its edges andadjacent one end thereof. On the opposite end of the body and projectingfrom the same edge is a lug 4. The strand of hair to be wound is adaptedto pass between these two lugs, as will appear later.

A plate of metal 5 is fastened to the outer or upper surface of the bodyof bakelite. However, between this plate and the surface of the body ofbakelite, a block of rubber 6 or the like is disposed. The plate 5 haslugs l and 8 formed thereon and which project from the edge thereof.These lugs 1 and 8 are positioned substantially even with the lugs 3 and4 on the body of bakelite. The strand of hair is also adapted to passbetween these lugs. The block of rubber extends substantially from thelug I to the lug 8. As indicated in Figure 6, the portion of the body ofbakelite where the lug 3 is formed is thicker than that portion of thebody 2 with which the block of rubber 6 contacts. This block of rubber 6is held in place in any suitable manner but projects out past thecorresponding edges of plate 5 and body 2, so that the plate and body donot contact with the hair when the clamp member is clamped thereon.

One end of the plate member 5 is spaced from the surface of the end ofthe body member 2, as indicated at 9. A second plate member I 0 isprovided in contact with the surface of the body member and a fillermember H is provided for maintaining the space 9 between these twoplates. Adjacent the lug member a member I2 is riveted or bolted to thefiller member II. This member I2 is preferably made of resilient metaland projects in the same direction as the lugs 3 and I. This member I2is so disposed that a space I3 is formed between it and the lug 3. Asimilar space is formed between lug I and lug 3. This member l2 has aplurality of small openings |4 formed therein adjacent the outer endthereof. These openings are provided for a purpose which will beexplained later. The outer end of the member I2 is upwardly turned asindicated at l5.

The arm I6 is pivotally mounted on the main portion of the clamp memberand is adapted to clamp the strand of hair between it and the mainportion of the clamp member. This arm l6 embodies two strips of metal I!spaced apart throughout the greater portion of their length and having ablock of rubber I8 disposed therebetween and held therein in a suitablemanner. One end of the arm 5 is pivotally mounted between the lug 4 andthe lug 8 on the corresponding end of the main portion of the clampmember. The block of rubber |8 projects inwardly past the edges of thestrips of metal so that the block of rubber will contact with the hairwhen it is gripped but the strips of metal will not. The opposite endsof the strips of metal are brought together as indicated at l9 andsecurely fastened together. finger 20 integrally formed thereon andprojecting at right angles to the body portionthereof.

The arm IB is pivoted so that the block of rubber |8 thereon may bebrought into cooperative relation with the block of rubber 6 on the mainportion of the clamp member to grip the- One of these strips of metalhas a' hair therebetween or to separate these two blocks of rubber torelease the hair. When the arm H5 is swung into operative position, thethin portion of the arm formed where the two strips come together Willswing down between the member l2 and lug 3 and, also, between lug andlug 3. The strip I! which will lie adjacent the member I2 is providedwith a pin or raised portion 2| adjacent the free end thereof. Thisraised portion 2| is adapted to cooperate with the openings M. Themember I2 is so disposed that when the free end of the arm is swungbetween it and the lug 3, it will bear against the member I2 and theraised portion 2| will snap into the openings l4. Thus, the arm will beautomatically locked in place. Since a plurality of these openings areprovided, the arm may be swung inwardly until the hair is tightlyclamped between the members 6 and I2. The opening l4 in which the raisedportion 2| will seat, will depend upon the thickness of the strand ofhair to be disposed between members 6 and I8. Thus, the clamping memberand the protecting member I may be readily applied to or removed from astrand of hair.

I further provide means on the clamping member by which the mandrel 22of my device may be mounted thereon. Thus, on the end of the platemember 5, adjacent to where the arm I6 is pivoted, I provide a block orprojecting portion 23 having a cradle 24 formed therein. On the oppositeend of the plate member 5, a latch member 25 is pivoted. This end of theplate 5 is curled as indicated at 26 and is provided with a slot inwhich the lower end of the latch member 25 is disposed. A pivot pinpasses through the curled portion 26 of the plate and a correspondingopening in the lower end of latch 25. The lower end of the latch member25 extends into the space 9 underneath plate 5 and is provided with stopmembers 21 which will permit swinging of the latch member 25 but willlimit swinging by contacting with the plate l0. These stops will alwayskeep the latch member 25 upstanding to a substantial extent so that itmay be always readily operated with the finger.

The mandrel 22 is preferably of the shape illustrated, being greater incross-section at its ends than in the middle. This mandrel has ahairgripping member 28 pivotally mounted thereon in such a manner thatit may be swung away from the mandrel or into embracing relationtherewith. One end of the mandrel has a knob 29 formed thereon and theother end has a knob 30 thereon. The knob 30 is of slightly greaterdiameter than knob 29. An extension 3| is provided at one end of themandrel and this extension and the mandrel are rotatable relative toeach other. The spring clutch 32 of a suitable form permits rotation ofthe body portion of mandrel 22 relative to the extension 3| in onedirection but prevents relative rotation in an opposite direction. Theextension 3| has slots 33 formed therein and disposed at right angles toeach other. The opposite end of the mandrel has a key 34 thereon bywhich it may be rotated.

In mounting the mandrel on the clamp member, the knob 29 is seated inthe cradle 24 formed in member 23. The latch member 25 is then swunginto one of the slots 33 at the opposite end. The knob 39 will contactwith plate 5. The upper end of latch member 25 is enlarged as at 35 sothat when it is swung into slot 33 this enlarged portion will contactwith the outer surface of extension 33 and will draw the knob 30 firmlyagainst plate 5. The cradle 24 will cooperate with latch member 25.

the knob 29 which fits therein, to prevent longitudinal movement ofmandrel 22 on the clamp member I. The mandrel may be readily removedfrom the clamping member I by merely swinging the latch 25 from slot 33.

In using my apparatus, a strand of hair is first segregated and theclamping and protecting element I is then applied thereto in the mannerdescribed near the scalp. The mandrel will be separate from the member Iand the free end of the hair will be placed between the gripping member28 and the mandrel. Then the mandrel will be rotated and simultaneouslymoved towards the member I. When the member I is reached, the knob 29will be disposed in cradle 24 and the latch member 25 will be swung intoone of the slots 33. Then, by turning key 34, the mandrel 22 may berotated relative to extension 3|. Rotation of the extension 3| will beprevented by In Figure 3 the hair is shown being wound on the mandrel ina counter-clockwise direction. After the mandrel is mounted on thedevice I, as indicated, and if the hair has been wound thereon in acounter-clockwise direction, the mandrel is also rotated in acounter-clockwise direction. This will cause tightening of the hair onthe mandrel and loosening of the hair thereon will be prevented, sincethe spring clutch 32 will prevent reverse rotation of the mandrel. Thetension of the hair also tends to hold the mandrel on the member I.

As previously stated, when it is desired to remove the mandrel from themember I, it is not necessary to first remove the clamping member fromthe strand of hair. The mandrel may be removed merely by swinging thelatch member 25 out of the slot 33. This will permit bodily rotation ofthe mandrel and extension 3| and will release the tension on the hair.When the latch member is swung out of the slot member 33, bodilyrotation of the mandrel in a clockwise direction is permitted, relievingthe tension on the hair. Since the clutch member 32 prevents rotation ofmandrel 22 relative to extension 3| in a clockwise direction, the onlyway tension on hair can be released, except by removing the entireclamping member I, is by swinging the latch member 25 out of the slot 33and permitting clockwise bodily rotation of the mandrel. As previouslystated, this invention seeks to and does render unnecessary the removalof the clamping member from the strand of hair before being able toremove the mandrel therefrom.

After the mandrel has been removed, the clamping member and protectingmember may be readily removed from the strand of hair merely by pressingoutwardly with the finger on the end of member l2 to release theprojection 2| from one of the openings l4 formed therein. Then the armmember l5 may be swung outwardly and the device removed from the strandof hair.

It will be understood from the above description that I have provided ahair-waving device which is extremely simple in structure and which hasmany advantageous features. This structure is of such a type that afterhair has been wound and tightened on the mandrel, the mandrel may bereadily removed without first releasing or entirely removing theclamping member from the hair. As soon as the latch 25 is swung into inoperative position, the tension on the hair will be released and themandrel may then be easily removed. This structure differs from priorart structures wherein it was necessary to release or entirely removethe clamping member from the strand of hair before being able to removethe mandrel. This is due to the fact that the tension on the hair wasrelied upon, in prior art devices, to hold the mandrel in the yokemembers on the clamp and these yoke members would not permit rotation ofthe mandrel in a proper direction to release the tension on the hair.The only way the tension could be released was by releasing the grippingaction of the clamp on the strand of hair. However, with applicantsdevice, the tension on the hair may be released merely by operation oflatch 25.

The clamping member and protecting element which I have provided is alsovery simple in structure. It is of such a type that it will firmly gripthe hair regardless of the thickness of the strand placed therein.Furthermore, it will not cut or injure the hair. Also, it may be readilyoperated to grip or release the hair. When placed on the hair and thearm thereof is swun into operative position, it will be automaticallylocked in position.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. Hair-waving apparatus comprising a clamp member, a mandrel adapted tobe mounted on said clamp member, said mandrel comprising a main bodyportion and a bearing member on which said body portion may rotate,means for permitting rotation of said main body portion of the mandrelon said bearing member in one direction but for precluding rotationthereof in an opposite direction, means for mounting the mandrel on theclamp member in such a manner that rotation of the bearing member ineither direction will be precluded, said m ans including a pivoted latchmember which is swingable into and out of a socket formed in saidbearing member.

2. Hair-waving apparatus comprising a camp member, a mandrel adapted tobe mounted on said clamp member, said mandrel comprising a main bodyportion and a bearing member on which said body portion may rotate,means for permitting rotation of said main body portion of the mandrelon said bearing member in one direction but for precluding rotationthereof in an opposite direction, means for mounting the mandrel on theclamp member in such a manner that rotation of the bearing member ineither direction will be precluded, said means including a pivoted latchmember which is swingable into and out of a socket formed in saidbearing member, and means for preventing longitudinal movement of saidmandrel on said clamp member.

3. A hair-waving device comprising a clamp member adapted to grip astrand of hair and comprising two arm members pivotally securedtogether, one of said arm members being swingable into and out ofoperative position relative to the other arm member, means forautomatically locking said arm members in operative position, a mandreladapted to be mounted on said clamp member, said mandrel having a knobformed on one end thereof and having an extension on the opposite endthereof, rotatable in one direction only relative to the body portionthereof, said extension having a slot in its outer end, means formounting said mandrel on said clamp member, said means including achannel member formed in said clamp member into which said knob fits forprecluding relative longitudinal movement between said mandrel and saidclamp member, a latch member pivotally mounted on said clamp memberadjacent the opposite end of said mandrel, said latch member beingswingable into and out of said slot;

4. A hair-waving device comprising a clamp member adapted to grip astrand of hair, a mandrel adapted to be mounted on said clamp member,said mandrel having a knob formed on one end thereof and having anextension on the opposite end thereof rotatable in one direction onlyrelative to the body portion thereof, said extension having a slot inits outer end, means for mounting said mandrel on said clamp member,said means including a channel member formed in said clamp member intowhich said knob fits for precluding relative longitudinal movementbetween said mandrel and said clamp member, a latch member pivotallymounted on said clamp member adjacent the opposite end of said mandrel,said latch member being swingable into and out of said slot.

5. A hair-waving device comprising a clamp member adapted to grip astrand of hair, a mandrel adapted to be mounted on said clamp member,said mandrel having a knob formed on one end thereof and a slot formedin the opposite end thereof, means for mounting said mandrel on saidclamp member, said means including a channel member formed in said clampmember into which said knob fits for precluding relative longitudinalmovement between said mandrel and said clamp member, a latch memberpivotally mounted on said clamp member adjacent the opposite end of saidmandrel, said latch member being swingable into and out of said slot.

6. A hair-waving device comprising a clamp member adapted to grip astrand of hair and comprising two arm members pivotally securedtogether, one of said arm members being swingable into and out ofoperative position relative to the other arm member, means forautomatically locking said arm members in operative position, a mandreladapted to be mounted on said clamp member, said mandrel having anextension on one end thereof, means for permitting rotation of themandrel relative to the extension in one direction but forprecludingrotation thereof in the opposite direction, said extensionhaving a slot in its outer end, means for mounting said mandrel on saidclamp member, said means comprising a latch member pivotally mounted onsaid clamp member adjacent the end where the extension of the mandrel isdisposed, said latch member being swingable into and out of said slot,and means for preventing relative longitudinal movement between saidmandrel and said clamp member.

'7. A hair-waving device comprising a clamp member adapted to grip astrand of hair and comprising two arm members pivotally securedtogether, one of said arm members being swingable into and out ofoperative position relative to the other arm member, means forautomatically locking said arm members in operative position, a mandrelmember adapted to be mounted on said clamp member, said mandrel membercomprising a main body portion and a bearing on which said body portionmay rotate, means for permitting rotation of said main body portion ofthe mandrel member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereofin an opposite direction, means for mounting the mandrel member on theclamp member in such a manner that rotation of the bearing in eitherdirection will be precluded and including a pivoted latch carried bysaid clamp member which is engageable with or may be disengaged from acooperating portion on said mandrel member.

8. Hair-waving apparatus comprising a clamp member, a mandrel memberadapted to be mounted on said clamp member, said mandrel membercomprising a main body portion and a bearing on which said body portionmay rotate, means for permitting rotation of said main body" portion ofthe mandrel member on said bearing in one direction but for precludingrotation thereof in an opposite direction, means for mounting themandrel member on the clamp member in such a manner that rotation of thebearing in either direction will be precluded and including a pivotedlatch carried by said clamp member which is engageable with or may bedisengaged from a cooperating portion on said mandrel member.

9. Hair-waving apparatus comprising a hair clamping and protectingmember, said member comprising a main body portion embodying a metallicplate which has fastened therebeneath a layer of material which will notreadily conduct heat, an arm member pivotally mounted on said main bodyportion and swingable into and out of operative position where it liesclosely adjacent said body portion, the surfaces of said arm and saidbody portion which are adjacent each other when in operative relation toeach other being of non-metallic material so that the hair will begripped between such material, means for automatically locking saidswingable arm in operative position, said means comprising a resilientstrip of metal adapted to lie in superimposed relation to the outer endof said arm and to resiliently contact therewith, said member having aplurality of sockets formed therein, and a projection on said armadapted to fit into any of said sockets when the arm is swung intooperative position, a mandrel adapted to be mounted on said clamping andprotecting member, said mandrel comprising a body portion and a bearingmember on which said body portion may rotate, means carried by saidclamping and protecting member for mounting the mandrel thereon insubstantially parallel relation to said clamping and protecting member,and means for permitting rotation of said body portion in one directionrelative to the bearing member but for precluding rotation thereof in anopposite direction.

10. Hair waving apparatus comprising a hair clamping member, said hairclamping member comprising a main body portion, an arm member pivotallymounted on said main body portion and swingable into and out ofoperative position, means for automatically locking said swingable armmember in operative position, said means comprising a resilient strip ofmaterial adapted to lie in superimposed relation to the outer end ofsaid arm and to resiliently contact therewith, said member having aplurality of sockets formed therein, a projection on said arm adapted tofit into any of said sockets when the arm is swung into operativeposition, a mandrel adapted to be mounted on said clamping member, saidmandrel comprising a body portion and a bearing member on which saidbody portion may rotate, means carried by said clamping member formounting the mandrel thereon in substantially parallel relation to saidclamping member, and means for permitting rotation of said body in onedirection relative to the bearing member but for precluding rotationthereof in an opposite direction.

11. Hair waving apparatus comprising a hair arm in operative position,said means comprising 'a resilient strip of material adapted to lie insuperimposed relation to the outer end of said arm and to resilientlycontact therewith, one of said superimposed members having a projectionthereon which fits into a socket formed in the other of said members, amandrel adapted to be mounted on said clamping member, means carried bysaid clamping member for mounting the mandrel thereon in substantiallyparallel relation to said clamping member, and means for permittingrotation of said mandrel in one direction but for precluding rotationthereof in an opposite direction.

12. Hair waving apparatus comprising a hair clamping member, said hairclamping member comprising a main body portion, an arm member pivotallymounted on said main body portion and swingable into and out ofoperative position, means for automatically locking said swingable armin operative position, said means including a member adapted toresiliently contact with the outer end of said arm, said member having aplurality of sockets formed therein, a projection on said arm adapted tofit into any of said sockets,

a mandrel adapted to be mounted on said clamping member, said mandrelcomprising a body portion and a bearing member on which said bodyportion may rotate, means carried by said clamping member for mountingthe mandrel thereon in substantially parallel relation to said clampingmember, and means for permitting rotation of said body portion in onedirection but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction.

13. Hair waving apparatus comprising a clamp member adapted to grip astrand of hair, a mandrel adapted to be mounted on said clamp member,means for rotatably mounting said mandrel on said clamp member, meansfor preventing rotation of said mandrel in one direction, said mandrelhaving a slot in one end thereof, and a latch member pivotally mountedon said clamp member adjacent the end of the mandrel provided with theslot, said latch member being swingable into and out of said slot.

PETER SANTURELLO.

